PostgreSQL RENAME COLUMN: Renaming a column

Summary: in this tutorial, you will learn how to use the PostgreSQL RENAME COLUMN clause in the ALTER TABLE statement to rename one or more columns of a table.

Introduction to PostgreSQL RENAME COLUMN clause

To rename a column of a table, you use the ALTER TABLE statement with RENAME COLUMN clause as follows:

ALTER TABLE table_name 
RENAME COLUMN column_name TO new_column_name;Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

In this statement:

• First, specify the name of the table that contains the column which you want to rename after the ALTER TABLE clause.
• Second, provide the name of the column that you want to rename after the RENAME COLUMN keywords.
• Third, specify the new name for the column after the TO keyword.

The COLUMN keyword in the statement is optional therefore you can omit it like this:

ALTER TABLE table_name 
RENAME column_name TO new_column_name;Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

For some reason, if you try to rename a column that does not exist, PostgreSQL will issue an error. Unfortunately, PostgreSQL does not support the IF EXISTS option for the RENAME clause.

To rename multiple columns, you execute the ALTER TABLE RENAME COLUMN statement multiple times, one column at a time:

ALTER TABLE table_name
RENAME column_name1 TO new_column_name1;

ALTER TABLE table_name
RENAME column_name2 TO new_column_name2;Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

If you rename a column referenced by other database objects such as views, foreign key constraints, triggers, and stored procedures, PostgreSQL will automatically change the column name in the dependent objects.

PostgreSQL RENAME COLUMN examples

Let’s take some examples of using the ALTER TABLE RENAME COLUMN statement to rename a column.

Setting up sample tables

First, create two new tables customers and customer_groups.

CREATE TABLE customer_groups (
  id serial PRIMARY KEY, 
  name VARCHAR NOT NULL
);
CREATE TABLE customers (
  id serial PRIMARY KEY, 
  name VARCHAR NOT NULL, 
  phone VARCHAR NOT NULL, 
  email VARCHAR, 
  group_id INT, 
  FOREIGN KEY (group_id) REFERENCES customer_groups (id)
);Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Then, create a new view named customer_data based on the customers and customer_groups tables.

CREATE VIEW customer_data AS 
SELECT 
  c.id, 
  c.name, 
  g.name customer_group 
FROM 
  customers c 
  INNER JOIN customer_groups g ON g.id = c.group_id;Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

1) Renaming one column example

The following statement uses the ALTER TABLE RENAME COLUMN statement to rename the email column of the customers table to contact_email:

ALTER TABLE customers 
RENAME COLUMN email TO contact_email;Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

2) Renaming a column that has dependent objects example

This example uses the ALTER TABLE RENAME COLUMN statement to change the name column of the customer_groups table to group_name:

ALTER TABLE customer_groups 
RENAME COLUMN name TO group_name;Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Note that the name column is used in the customer_data view.

Now, you can check whether the change in the name column was cascaded to the customer_data view:

\d+ customer_data

Output:

                       View "public.customer_data"
     Column     |       Type        | Modifiers | Storage  | Description
----------------+-------------------+-----------+----------+-------------
 id             | integer           |           | plain    |
 name           | character varying |           | extended |
 customer_group | character varying |           | extended |
View definition:
 SELECT c.id,
    c.name,
    g.group_name AS customer_group
   FROM customers c
     JOIN customer_groups g ON g.id = c.group_id;Code language: Shell Session (shell)

The output indicates that the name column has been changed to group_name.

3) Using multiple RENAME COLUMN statements to rename multiple columns example

These statements rename two columns name and phone of the customers table to customer_name and contact_phone respectively:

ALTER TABLE customers 
RENAME COLUMN name TO customer_name;

ALTER TABLE customers
RENAME COLUMN phone TO contact_phone;Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Summary

• Use the PostgreSQL ALTER TABLE...RENAME COLUMN statement to rename a column.