PostgreSQL CONCAT_WS() Function

Summary: in this tutorial, you will learn how to use the PostgreSQL CONCAT_WS() function to concatenate strings into a single string, separated by a specified separator.

Introduction to PostgreSQL CONCAT_WS() function

The PostgreSQL CONCAT_WS() function allows you to concatenate multiple strings into a single string separated by a specified separator.

Here’s the basic syntax of the CONCAT_WS function:

CONCAT_WS(separator, string1, string2, string3, ...)Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

In this syntax:

• separator: Specify the separator that you want to separate the strings. The separator should not be NULL.
• string1, string2, string3, ..: These are strings that you want to concatenate. If any string is NULL, it is ignored by the function.

The CONCAT_WS returns a single string that combines the string1, string2, string3… separated by the separator.

If the separator is NULL, the CONCAT_WS will return NULL.

In practice, you typically use the CONCAT_WS function to combine values from different columns with a custom separator.

PostgreSQL CONCAT_WS() function examples

Let’s take some examples of using the CONCAT_WS() function.

1) Basic PostgreSQL CONCAT_WS() function example

The following example uses the CONCAT_WS() function to concatenate two strings with a space:

SELECT CONCAT_WS(' ', 'PostgreSQL', 'Tutorial') title;Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Output:

        title
---------------------
 PostgreSQL Tutorial
(1 row)Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

In this example, we use the CONCAT_WS() function to concatenate the strings 'PostgreSQL' and 'Tutorial' with a space separator. The result string is 'PostgreSQL Tutorial'.

2) Using the CONCAT_WS() function with the table data

We’ll use the customer table from the sample database:

The following example uses the CONCAT_WS() to concatenate values from the first_name and last_name columns of the customer table using a space as a separator:

SELECT 
  CONCAT_WS(' ', first_name, last_name) full_name 
FROM 
  customer 
ORDER BY 
  first_name;Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Output:

       full_name
-----------------------
 Aaron Selby
 Adam Gooch
 Adrian Clary
 Agnes Bishop
...Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

The query returns a result set with a single column full_name containing the full names of all customers.

Summary

• Use the CONCAT_WS function to concatenate multiple strings into a single string separated by a specified separator.
• The CONCAT_WS function skips NULL values.