PL/pgSQL Function Overloading

Summary: in this tutorial, you will learn about function overloading in PostgreSQL.

Introduction to PL/pgSQL Function Overloading

PostgreSQL allows multiple functions to share the same name as long as they have different arguments.

If two or more functions share the same name, they are considered overloaded.

When you call an overloaded function, PostgreSQL selects the best candidate function to execute based on the function argument list.

The following get_rental_duration() function returns the total rental days of a specified customer:

create or replace function get_rental_duration(
	p_customer_id integer
)
returns integer 
language plpgsql
as $$
declare 
	rental_duration integer; 
begin
	select 
		sum( extract(day from return_date - rental_date)) 
	into rental_duration 
    from rental 
	where customer_id = p_customer_id;

	return rental_duration;
end; $$
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

The get_rental_function function has the p_customer_id as an in parameter.

The following returns the number of rental days of customer id 232:

SELECT get_rental_duration(232);Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Output:

 get_rental_duration
---------------------
                  90
(1 row)

Suppose that you want to know the rental duration of a customer from a specific date up to now.

To do that, you can add one more parameter p_from_date to the get_retal_duration() function. Alternatively, you can develop a new function with the same name but have two parameters like this:

create or replace function get_rental_duration(
	p_customer_id integer, 
	p_from_date date
)
returns integer 
language plpgsql
as $$
declare 
	rental_duration integer;
begin
	-- get the rental duration based on customer_id 
	-- and rental date
	select sum( extract( day from return_date + '12:00:00' - rental_date)) 
	into rental_duration
	from rental 
	where customer_id = p_customer_id and 
		  rental_date >= p_from_date;
	
	-- return the rental duration in days
	return rental_duration;
end; $$
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

This function shares the same name as the first one, except it has two parameters.

In other words, the get_rental_duration(integer) function is overloaded by the get_rental_duration(integer,date) function.

The following statement returns the rental duration of the customer id 232 since July 1st 2005:

SELECT get_rental_duration(232,'2005-07-01');Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

 get_rental_duration
---------------------
                  85
(1 row)

Note that if you omit the second argument, PostgreSQL will call the get_rental_duration(integer) function that has one parameter.

PL/pgSQL function overloading and default values

In the get_rental_duration(integer,date) function, if you want to set a default value to the second argument like this:

create or replace function get_rental_duration(
	p_customer_id integer, 
	p_from_date date default '2005-01-01'
)
returns integer
language plpgsql
as $$
declare 
	rental_duration integer;
begin
	select sum( 
		extract( day from return_date + '12:00:00' - rental_date)
	) 
	into rental_duration
	from rental 
	where customer_id= p_customer_id and 
		  rental_date >= p_from_date;
	 
	return rental_duration;

end; $$Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

The following calls the get_rental_duration() function and passes the customer id 232:

SELECT get_rental_duration(232);Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Error:

ERROR:  function get_rental_duration(integer) is not unique
LINE 1: SELECT get_rental_duration(232);
               ^
HINT:  Could not choose the best candidate function. You might need to add explicit type casts.
SQL state: 42725
Character: 8Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

In this case, PostgreSQL could not choose the best candidate function to execute.

In this scenario, you have three functions:

get_rental_duration(p_customer_id integer);
get_rental_duration(p_customer_id integer, p_from_date date)
get_rental_duration(p_customer_id integer, p_from_date date default '2005-01-01'
)Code language: JavaScript (javascript)

PostgreSQL did not know whether it should execute the first or the third ones.

As a rule of thumb, when overloading functions, you should always ensure their parameter lists are unique.

Summary

Multiple functions can share the same names as long as they have different arguments. These function names are overloaded.
Use a unique function argument list to define overloaded functions.

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